Affirmative to negative:
Rule 1: Only/ alone/ merely থাকলে-
only/alone/merely তুলে দিয়ে তার জায়গায়
None but( ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে)/ nothing but(বস্তুর ক্ষেত্রে)/ not more than or not less than(সংখ্যার ক্ষেত্র) বসাতে হবে।
Ex:
Aff: Only God can help us.
Neg: None but God can help us.
Aff: He has only a ball.
Neg: He has nothing but a ball.
Aff: He has only ten rupees.
Neg: He has not more than ten rupees.
Rule 2: Cannot but/ Cannot help – এর ব্যবহারঃ
Ex: Aff: We must obey our parents. Neg: we cannot but obey our parents.
Must তুলে দিয়ে সেই জায়গায় cannot but বসাতে হবে।
we cannot help obeying our parents.
cannot help বসালে verb এর সঙ্গে ‘ing’ যোগ করতে হবে।
Rule 3: Everyone/ everybody/every person/ (every + common noun)/all → উঠে গিয়ে There is no + attached word + but বসে।
Ex: Aff: Every mother loves her child.
Neg: There is no mother but loves her child.
Rule 4: Absolute Superlative degree ক্ষেত্রে No other+ attached word+so+ positive form+ as+subject.
Ex: aff: Dhaka is the biggest city in Bangladesh.
Neg: No other city is as big as Dhaka in Bangladesh.
Rule 5: কিছু ক্ষেত্রে affirmative sentence কে negative করা হয় opposite word(বিপরীত শব্দ) যোগ করে। তবে সেই শব্দের আগে অবশ্যই not বসবে।
Ex: Aff: I shall remember you.
Neg: I shall not forget you.
Rule 6: Always থাকলে তার জায়গায় Never বসে এবং বিপরীত শব্দ বসে।
aff: Raven always attends the class. Neg: Raven never misses the class.
Always tell the truth.
Rule 7: Universal truth বা চিরন্তন সত্যের ক্ষেত্রে negative interrogative করে পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
Ex: Aff: The Sun sets in the west.
Neg: Doesn’t the Sun set in the west?
Rule 8: Sometimes এর ক্ষেত্রে sometimes উঠে গিয়ে তার জায়গায় not + always বসে।
Ex: Aff: Rajan sometimes visits me. Neg: Rajan doesn’t always visit me.
Rule 9: Many থাকলে তার জায়গায় Not a few বসে।
Ex: Aff: I have many friends.
Neg: I donot have few friends.
Rule 10: A few এর জায়গায় not many বসে।
Ex: Aff: Bangladesh has a few scholars.
Neg: Bangladesh doesn’t have many scholars.
Rule 11: Much এর জায়গায় A little.
Ex: Aff: He belongs much money.
Neg: He doesn’t belong a little money.
Rule 12: A little এর জায়গায় not much বসে।
Ex: Aff: Dolon has a little riches.
Neg: Dolon doesn’t have much riches.
