আমরা আলোচনা করতে চলেছি Affirmative Sentence থেকে Negative Sentence এ রুপান্তরের কিছু নিয়ম। তার আগে আমাদের মনে রাখতে হবে
১। একটি Negative Sentence এ অবশ্যই একটি Negative word থাকবে। এরকম কিছু Negative word হল-
No, not, never, nothing, none, nobody, no one, nowhere, neither, nor ইত্যাদি।
Affirmative sentence কে negative sentence এ রুপান্তরিত করতে হলে অবশ্যই একটি negative word ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
মনে রাখতে হবে ‘not’ শুধুমাত্র auxiliary verb এর সাথেই বসে।
যেমন- I do not know. এখানে ‘do’ একটি auxiliary verb.
She is not coming. এখানে‘’is‘ হল একটি auxiliary verb.
২। affirmative sentence এবং negative sentence এর অর্থ(sense) অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
যেমন-
Affirmative – I like the book.(আমি বইটি পছন্দ করি।) [Turn into negative]
Negative – I do not like the book.(আমি বইটি পছন্দ করি না।) ❌ (এটি ভুল উত্তর)
Negative – I do not dislike the book. (আমি বইটি অপছন্দ করি না) ✅ ( এটি সঠিক উত্তর)
এখানে আমরা যদি শুধুমাত্র negative word বসাই তাহলে দুটি বাক্যের অর্থ আলাদা আলাদা হয়ে যায়।
I like the book. ≠ I do not like the book.(দুটি বাক্যের অর্থ এক নয়।)
তাই আমরা এখানে main verb এর বিপরীত শব্দ (like – dislike) বসিয়ে বাক্যটির অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত রেখেছি।
I like the book. = I do not dislike the book.( দুটি বাক্যের অর্থ এক।)
Rules for Transformation of Affirmative to Negative Sentences:
Rule 1
Use a Negative Word + Opposite Word of the Main Word( একটি Negative word বসাও + Main Word এর বিপরীত শব্দ বসাও)
* main word টি সাধারণত adjective,verb অথবা adverb হয়।
Examples:
| Affirmative | Negative |
| He is tall. | He is not short. |
| I am doubtful. | I am not sure. |
| I shall remember you. | I shall not forget you. |
| She is innocent. | She is not guilty. |
| This is harmful. | This is not harmless. |
| Man is mortal. | Man is not immortal. |
| This is beautiful. | This is not ugly. |
| The fan is moving fast. | The fan is not moving slow. |
| Rajesh is a good student. | Rajesh is not a bad student. |
Rule 2
fail’ + infinitive. (Infinitive = to + V1)
এক্ষেত্রে ‘fail’ হয়ে যায় main verb এবং affirmative sentence এর main verb বসে to এর পর (to + v1)
Examples:
| Affirmative | Negative |
| He made us laugh. | He did not fail to make us laugh. |
| The boy saw the Eiffel Tower. | The boy did not fail to see the Eiffel Tower. |
| Speak the truth. | Don’t fail to speak the truth. |
| He handled the situation. | He did not fail to handle the situation. |
| She plays football. | She doesn’t fail to play football. |
| She won the match. | She didn’t fail to win the match. |
Rule 3
Use “None but”:
affirmative sentence যদি ‘only’ বা ‘alone’ শুরু হয়, তাহলে only/alone কে তুলে দিয়ে ‘None but’ বসিয়ে negative sentence এ পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
Examples :
| Affirmative | Negative |
| Only he can do this. | None but he can do this. |
| Only the members are allowed. | None but the members are allowed. |
| You alone will finish the project. | None but you will finish the project. |
| A teacher alone can do this. | None but a teacher can do this. |
| Only the rich will support this bill. | None but the rich will support this bill. |
Rule 4
Use “Nothing but”:
যদি affirmative sentence ‘Only’ থাকে এবং তার পর কোনো বস্তুর (object) উল্লেখ থাকে তাহলে Negative Sentence এ রুপান্তর করতে “only” তুলে দিয়ে তার জায়গায় “Nothing but” বসাতে হবে।
Examples:
| Affirmative | Negative |
| I play only cricket. | I play nothing but cricket. |
| Only the moon was visible. | Nothing but the moon was visible. |
| I like only crime thrillers. | I like nothing but crime thrillers. |
| He has only a plastic ball. | He has nothing but a plastic ball. |
| Shyambabu drinks only coffee. | Shyambabu drinks nothing but cofee. |
Rule 5
Use “No sooner…than”
affirmative sentence এ যদি “As soon as” থাকে তাহলে Negative Sentence এ পরিণত করতে হলে As soon as তুলে দিয়ে তার জায়গায় no sooner…than বসাতে হয়।
Structure-
No sooner + auxiliary verb* + subject 1 + verb 1 + object 1 + than + subject 2 + verb 2 + object 2.
আরও সহজভাবে বললে,
No sooner + clause 1 + than + clause 2
*No sooner do/does ( Present Indefinite)
No sooner did ( Past Indefinite)
No sooner had ( Past Perfect)
No sooner did বসালে Verb এর Base Form (V1) হয়।
Affirmative– As soon as I reached the station, the train left.
Negative – No sooner did I reach the station than the train left.
No sooner had বসালে Verb এর Past Participle Form বসাতে হয়।
Affirmative– As soon as I reached the station, the train left.
Negative – No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.
Examples:
| Affirmative | Negative |
| As soon as the teacher entered the class, the students stopped talking. | No sooner had the teacher entered the class than the students stopped talking. |
| As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away. | No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away. |
| As soon as he arrived the airport, the plane went off. | No sooner had he arrived the airport than the plane went off. |
| As soon as I stopped talking, I went to sleep. | No sooner did I stop talking than I went to sleep. |
Rule 6
Use “Not only…but also”
যদি affirmative sentence এ “Both…and” থাকে, তাহলে Negative Sentence এ রুপান্তর করার জন্য “Not only…but also” বসাতে হয়।
Examples:
| Affirmative | Negative |
| Both Raju and Rajesh play well. | Not only Raju but also Rajesh plays well. |
| I can play both football and cricket. | I can play not only football but also cricket. |
| Rashmi is both brave and brilliant. | Rashmi is not only brave but also brilliant. |
| Switzerland is both clean and pollution free. | Switzerland is not only clean but also pollution free. |
| Both Deb and Kumar are confused. | Not only Deb but also Kumar is confused. |
Rule 7
Use “so…that”
affirmative sentence এ যদি ‘too…to’ থাকে তাহলে এর বদলে so…that (so + adjective/adverb + that) বসিয়ে Negative Sentence এ রুপান্তর করা হয়।
Examples:
| Affirmative | Negative |
| He is too weak to walk. | He is so weak that he cannot walk. |
| I was too busy to receive your call. | I was so busy that I could not receive your call. |
| The boy is too small to climb the tree. | The boy is so small that he cannot climb the tree. |
| The ice is too cold to touch. | The ice is so cold that one cannot touch it./The ice is so cold that it cannot be touched. |
| The stone is too hard to break. | The stone is so hard that one cannot break it./The stone is so hard that it cannot be broken. |
Rule 8
Use “Not more than”
Only এর পরে সংখ্যা থাকলে Only এর পরিবর্তে not more than বসাতে হয়।
| Affirmative | Negative |
| I have only hundred rupees. | I have not more than hundred rupees. |
| The girl scored only 40% marks. | The girl scored not more than 40% marks. |
| There are only 10 seats available. | There are not more than 10 seats available. |
| He takes only two cups of tea. | He takes not more than two cups of tea. |
| I have only a computer. | I have not more than a computer. |
Rule 9
Use “Can not but”
Affirmative sentence এ must থাকলে negative করার সময় must এর পরিবর্তে can not but/ can not help বসে। তবে can not help এর পরে যে verb থাকে তার সাথে ing যুক্ত করতে হয়।
| Affirmative | Negative |
| We must obey our parents. | We can not but obey our parents./ We cannot help obeying our parents. |
| You must care them. | You can not help caring them. |
| You must buy this book from here. | You cannot but buy this book from here. |
| I must go down to the seas again. | I cannot but go down to the seas again. |
| You must take rest now. | You cannot help taking rest now. |
Rule 10
Use “Never + opposite word”
Affirmative Sentence এ always থাকলে তার জায়গায় Never বসাতে হবে এবং মূল শব্দের বিপরীত শব্দ বসাতে হবে।
| Affirmative | Negative |
| I shall always remember you. | I shall never forget you. |
| Always remember this. | Never forget this. |
| He is always present in the meeting. | He is never absent in the meeting. |
| He is always punctual. | He is never late. |
| Always tell truth. | Never tell a lie. |
